b. 1923 in Poland. Moved to Canada in 1925. Studied at the Art Gallery and the Central Technical School in Toronto. Enlisted in the war (1943) and was appointed as an official war artist (1944). Worked as a designer for the Canadian Government Exhibition Commission (1946). In 1957, he won a Royal Society Canadian Government Overseas Fellowship which allowed him to give up teaching at the Vancouver School of Art and paint full time in Europe.