b. 1808 in Marseille, d. 1879 in Valmondois. French caricaturist, painter and sculptor. Began work as a graphic artist, having learnt lithography techniques (1830) and been employed on "Charivari" and "La Caricature" (1830-35). Imprisoned for his anti-monarchical satire of Louis Philippe as Gargantua (1832). He produced over 4,000 lithographs of political and social comment. Produced watercolours parodying the Courts of Justice and depicting the existence of the poor (1848). Experimented with oils including several on the theme of Don Quixote, though many of his pictures were left unfinished. Also produced sculpture which showed same roughness of handling and concern for social issues. Became blind in his old age and was rescued from poverty by Corot who was one of his artistic admirers. Degas collected his work. He was greatly admired by 20th century Expressionists for his freedom with which he used materials.