b. 1867 in Konigsberg, Germany; d. 1945 in Moritzburg, Dresden. German printmaker and sculptor. Art tuition from Rudolph Mauer in Konigsberg (1881). Studied in Berlin under Karl Stauffer-Bern (1885) and Ludwig Herterich in Munich (1888). Influenced by prints of Max Klinger. First produced etchings and lithographs but later did woodcuts. Committed socialist and pacifist and her political and social sympathies were expressed in "memorial sheet for Karl Liebknecht." The Nazi Party forced her to resign her place on the faculty of the Academy of Arts (1933). She was banned from exhibitng but some of her work was used by the Nazis for propaganda. Evacuated Berlin (1943) and moved to Moritzburg.