b. 1911 in Warsaw, Poland; d. 2000. Studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Warsaw (1930-32) before travelling to Brussels, Glasgow and London. In Brussels he came under the influence of the Belgian expressionists. Studies of miners and their families developed his technique and expressionist powers. His subject matter is from a broad range: still ifes and portraits with working people and the mother and child motif. seeking truth of human experience while expressing his passion for landscape and townscape. Has exhibited widely in England, Poland, and Scotland.