b. 1893 in Sydenham, London; d. 1977. Studied at the Bristol Art School UK, Westminster School of Art (1919-22), and etching at the Royal College of Art (1921-22). Began painting during convalescence from severe wounds sustained during WWI. Went through twenty operations to save his life and his arms from amputation although never regained use of his right hand. Began painting with left hand after leaving the hospital. Lived in several countries, including Italy, France, New Zealand, and Australia. Cubistic manner of painting landscapes and figures with a hardness of form. Had been called a "modern Hogarth" for his depictions of everyday working life and leisure.